Greenplum Database v6.23 Documentation
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SQL Features, Reserved and Key Words, and Compliance

来源 Greenplum 浏览 2 扫码 打印 2026-10-31 00:44:46

    This section includes topics that identify SQL features and compliance in Greenplum Database:

    • Summary of Greenplum Features
    • Reserved Identifiers and SQL Key Words
    • SQL 2008 Optional Feature Compliance

    Parent topic: Greenplum Database Reference Guide

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    • Version 6.23
    • Release Notes
    • Platform Requirements
      • Platform Requirements for On-Premise Hardware
      • Cloud Technical Recommendations
    • Concepts
      • About the Greenplum Architecture
      • About Management and Monitoring Utilities
      • About Concurrency Control in Greenplum Database
        • Example of Managing Transaction IDs
      • About Parallel Data Loading
      • About Redundancy and Failover in Greenplum Database
      • About Database Statistics in Greenplum Database
    • Deploying to VMware vSphere
      • Overview
      • Architecture
      • Planning VMware vSphere with Greenplum
      • Prerequisites
      • Setting Up VMware vSphere Network
      • Setting Up VMware vSphere DRS and HA
      • Setting Up VMware vSphere Storage
      • Setting Up VMware vSphere Encryption
      • Validating VMware vSphere Setup Performance with HCI Bench
      • Creating the Jumpbox Virtual Machine
      • Choosing Your Deployment Option
        • Option 1: Deploying Greenplum Using a Pre-built OVA
        • Option 2: Deploying Greenplum Using Your Own Template
        • Option 3: Deploying Mirrorless Greenplum Using Your Own Virtual Machine
      • Validating the Greenplum Installation
      • Managing Single Host Failures in vSphere
      • Planning Downtime for Maintenance
    • Installing and Upgrading
      • Estimating Storage Capacity
      • Configuring Your Systems
      • Installing the Greenplum Database Software
      • Verifying a Greenplum Database Software Download
      • Creating the Data Storage Areas
      • Validating Your Systems
      • Initializing a Greenplum Database System
      • Installing Optional Extensions
        • Procedural Language, Machine Learning, and Geospatial Extensions
        • Data Science Package for Python
        • R Data Science Library Package
        • Greenplum Platform Extension Framework (PXF)
      • Installing Additional Supplied Modules
      • Configuring Timezone and Localization Settings
      • Upgrading to Greenplum 6
        • Upgrading from an Earlier Greenplum 6 Release
        • PXF Upgrade and Migration
          • Migrating PXF from Greenplum 5.x to 6.x
          • Migrating gphdfs External Tables to PXF
          • Upgrading PXF When You Upgrade from a Previous Greenplum Database 6.x Version
        • Migrating Data from Greenplum 4.3 or 5 to Greenplum 6
      • Enabling iptables (Optional)
      • Installation Management Utilities
      • Greenplum Environment Variables
      • Example Ansible Playbook
    • Securing Your System
      • Securing the Database
      • Greenplum Database Ports and Protocols
      • Configuring Client Authentication
      • Configuring Database Authorization
      • Auditing
      • Encrypting Data and Database Connections
      • Security Best Practices
    • Managing Data
      • Defining Database Objects
        • Creating and Managing Databases
        • Creating and Managing Tablespaces
        • Creating and Managing Schemas
        • Creating and Managing Tables
        • Choosing the Table Storage Model
        • Partitioning Large Tables
        • Creating and Using Sequences
        • Using Indexes in Greenplum Database
        • Creating and Managing Views
          • Best Practices when Creating Views
          • Working with View Dependencies
          • About View Storage in Greenplum Database
        • Creating and Managing Materialized Views
      • Working with External Data
        • Defining External Tables
          • file:// Protocol
          • gpfdist:// Protocol
          • gpfdists:// Protocol
          • pxf:// Protocol
          • s3:// Protocol
          • Using a Custom Protocol
          • Handling Errors in External Table Data
          • Creating and Using External Web Tables
          • Examples for Creating External Tables
            • Example 1—Single gpfdist instance on single-NIC machine
            • Example 2—Multiple gpfdist instances
            • Example 3—Multiple gpfdists instances
            • Example 4—Single gpfdist instance with error logging
            • Example 5—TEXT Format on a Hadoop Distributed File Server
            • Example 6—Multiple files in CSV format with header rows
            • Example 7—Readable External Web Table with Script
            • Example 8—Writable External Table with gpfdist
            • Example 9—Writable External Web Table with Script
            • Example 10—Readable and Writable External Tables with XML Transformations
        • Accessing External Data with Foreign Tables
          • Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper
        • Using the Greenplum Parallel File Server (gpfdist)
      • Loading and Unloading Data
        • Greenplum Client and Loader Tools Package
          • About the Tools Package
          • Installing the Client and Loader Tools Package
            • Running the UNIX Tools Installer
            • Running the Windows Tools Installer
          • Configuring Greenplum Database for Remote Client Access
          • Configuring a Client System for Kerberos Authentication
          • Using the Client and Loader Tools
          • Client and Loader Utility Reference
        • Loading Data Using an External Table
        • Loading and Writing Non-HDFS Custom Data
          • Using a Custom Format
            • Importing and Exporting Fixed Width Data
            • Examples: Read Fixed-Width Data
          • Using a Custom Protocol
        • Handling Load Errors
          • Define an External Table with Single Row Error Isolation
          • Capture Row Formatting Errors and Declare a Reject Limit
          • Viewing Bad Rows in the Error Log
          • Moving Data between Tables
        • Loading Data with gpload
        • Accessing External Data with PXF
        • Transforming External Data with gpfdist and gpload
        • Loading Data with COPY
        • Running COPY in Single Row Error Isolation Mode
        • Optimizing Data Load and Query Performance
        • Unloading Data from Greenplum Database
          • Defining a File-Based Writable External Table
            • Example 1—Greenplum file server (gpfdist)
            • Example 2—Hadoop file server (pxf)
          • Defining a Command-Based Writable External Web Table
            • Deactivating EXECUTE for Web or Writable External Tables
          • Unloading Data Using a Writable External Table
          • Unloading Data Using COPY
        • Formatting Data Files
          • Formatting Rows
          • Formatting Columns
          • Representing NULL Values
          • Escaping
            • Escaping in Text Formatted Files
            • Escaping in CSV Formatted Files
          • Character Encoding
        • Example Custom Data Access Protocol
          • Installing the External Table Protocol
            • gpextprotocal.c
      • Querying Data
        • About Greenplum Query Processing
        • About GPORCA
          • Overview of GPORCA
          • Activating and Deactivating GPORCA
          • Collecting Root Partition Statistics
          • Considerations when Using GPORCA
          • GPORCA Features and Enhancements
          • Changed Behavior with GPORCA
          • GPORCA Limitations
          • Determining the Query Optimizer that is Used
          • About Uniform Multi-level Partitioned Tables
        • Defining Queries
        • WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)
        • Using Functions and Operators
        • Working with JSON Data
        • Working with XML Data
        • Using Full Text Search
          • About Full Text Search
          • Searching Text in Database Tables
          • Controlling Text Search
          • Additional Text Search Features
          • Text Search Parsers
          • Text Search Dictionaries
          • Text Search Configuration Example
          • Testing and Debugging Text Search
          • GiST and GIN Indexes for Text Search
          • psql Support
          • Limitations
        • Using Greenplum MapReduce
        • Query Performance
        • Managing Spill Files Generated by Queries
        • Query Profiling
      • Advanced Analytics
        • Machine Learning and Deep Learning using MADlib
        • Graph Analytics
        • Geospatial Analytics
          • Upgrading PostGIS 2.1.5 or 2.5.4
        • Text Analytics and Search
        • Procedural Languages
          • PL/Container Language
            • Using PL/Container
          • PL/Java Language
          • PL/Perl Language
          • PL/pgSQL Language
          • PL/Python Language
          • PL/R Language
        • Greenplum Database R Client
      • Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data
    • System Administration
      • About the Greenplum Database Release Version Number
      • Starting and Stopping Greenplum Database
      • Managing Database Access
        • Configuring Client Authentication
          • Using LDAP Authentication with TLS/SSL
          • Using Kerberos Authentication
          • Configuring Kerberos for Linux Clients
          • Configuring Kerberos For Windows Clients
        • Managing Roles and Privileges
      • Accessing the Database
        • Establishing a Database Session
        • Supported Client Applications
        • Greenplum Database Client Applications
        • Connecting with psql
        • Using the PgBouncer Connection Pooler
        • Database Application Interfaces
        • Troubleshooting Connection Problems
      • Configuring the Greenplum Database System
        • About Greenplum Database Master and Local Parameters
        • Setting Configuration Parameters
          • Setting a Local Configuration Parameter
          • Setting a Master Configuration Parameter
            • Setting Parameters at the System Level
            • Setting Parameters at the Database Level
            • Setting Parameters at the Role Level
            • Setting Parameters in a Session
        • Viewing Server Configuration Parameter Settings
        • Configuration Parameter Categories
      • Enabling Compression
      • Configuring Proxies for the Greenplum Interconnect
      • Enabling High Availability and Data Consistency Features
        • Overview of Greenplum Database High Availability
          • Overview of Segment Mirroring
          • Overview of Master Mirroring
        • Enabling Mirroring in Greenplum Database
          • Enabling Segment Mirroring
          • Enabling Master Mirroring
        • How Greenplum Database Detects a Failed Segment
          • Checking for Failed Segments
        • Understanding Segment Recovery
        • Recovering from Segment Failures
        • Recovering a Failed Master
          • Restoring Master Mirroring After a Recovery
      • Backing Up and Restoring Databases
      • Expanding a Greenplum System
        • System Expansion Overview
        • Planning Greenplum System Expansion
        • Preparing and Adding Hosts
        • Initializing New Segments
        • Redistributing Tables
        • Post Expansion Tasks
      • Migrating Data with gpcopy
      • Monitoring a Greenplum System
      • Routine System Maintenance Tasks
      • Recommended Monitoring and Maintenance Tasks
    • Managing Performance
      • Defining Database Performance
      • Distribution and Skew
      • Common Causes of Performance Issues
      • Greenplum Database Memory Overview
      • Managing Resources
        • Using Resource Groups
        • Using Resource Queues
      • Investigating a Performance Problem
    • Best Practices
      • Best Practices Summary
      • System Configuration
      • Schema Design
      • Memory and Resource Management with Resource Groups
      • Memory and Resource Management with Resource Queues
      • System Monitoring and Maintenance
        • Updating Statistics with ANALYZE
        • Managing Bloat in a Database
        • Monitoring Greenplum Database Log Files
      • Loading Data
      • Identifying and Mitigating Heap Table Performance Issues
      • Security
      • Encrypting Data and Database Connections
      • Tuning SQL Queries
      • High Availability
    • Reference
      • SQL Commands
        • SQL Syntax Summary
        • ABORT
        • ALTER AGGREGATE
        • ALTER COLLATION
        • ALTER CONVERSION
        • ALTER DATABASE
        • ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
        • ALTER DOMAIN
        • ALTER EXTENSION
        • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
        • ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
        • ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
        • ALTER FUNCTION
        • ALTER GROUP
        • ALTER INDEX
        • ALTER LANGUAGE
        • ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
        • ALTER OPERATOR
        • ALTER OPERATOR CLASS
        • ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
        • ALTER PROTOCOL
        • ALTER RESOURCE GROUP
        • ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE
        • ALTER ROLE
        • ALTER RULE
        • ALTER SCHEMA
        • ALTER SEQUENCE
        • ALTER SERVER
        • ALTER TABLE
        • ALTER TABLESPACE
        • ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
        • ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
        • ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER
        • ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
        • ALTER TYPE
        • ALTER USER
        • ALTER USER MAPPING
        • ALTER VIEW
        • ANALYZE
        • BEGIN
        • CHECKPOINT
        • CLOSE
        • CLUSTER
        • COMMENT
        • COMMIT
        • COPY
        • CREATE AGGREGATE
        • CREATE CAST
        • CREATE COLLATION
        • CREATE CONVERSION
        • CREATE DATABASE
        • CREATE DOMAIN
        • CREATE EXTENSION
        • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
        • CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
        • CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
        • CREATE FUNCTION
        • CREATE GROUP
        • CREATE INDEX
        • CREATE LANGUAGE
        • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
        • CREATE OPERATOR
        • CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
        • CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY
        • CREATE PROTOCOL
        • CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
        • CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE
        • CREATE ROLE
        • CREATE RULE
        • CREATE SCHEMA
        • CREATE SEQUENCE
        • CREATE SERVER
        • CREATE TABLE
        • CREATE TABLE AS
        • CREATE TABLESPACE
        • CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
        • CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
        • CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER
        • CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
        • CREATE TYPE
        • CREATE USER
        • CREATE USER MAPPING
        • CREATE VIEW
        • DEALLOCATE
        • DECLARE
        • DELETE
        • DISCARD
        • DO
        • DROP AGGREGATE
        • DROP CAST
        • DROP COLLATION
        • DROP CONVERSION
        • DROP DATABASE
        • DROP DOMAIN
        • DROP EXTENSION
        • DROP EXTERNAL TABLE
        • DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
        • DROP FOREIGN TABLE
        • DROP FUNCTION
        • DROP GROUP
        • DROP INDEX
        • DROP LANGUAGE
        • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
        • DROP OPERATOR
        • DROP OPERATOR CLASS
        • DROP OPERATOR FAMILY
        • DROP OWNED
        • DROP PROTOCOL
        • DROP RESOURCE GROUP
        • DROP RESOURCE QUEUE
        • DROP ROLE
        • DROP RULE
        • DROP SCHEMA
        • DROP SEQUENCE
        • DROP SERVER
        • DROP TABLE
        • DROP TABLESPACE
        • DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
        • DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
        • DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
        • DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
        • DROP TYPE
        • DROP USER
        • DROP USER MAPPING
        • DROP VIEW
        • END
        • EXECUTE
        • EXPLAIN
        • FETCH
        • GRANT
        • INSERT
        • LISTEN
        • LOAD
        • LOCK
        • MOVE
        • NOTIFY
        • PREPARE
        • REASSIGN OWNED
        • REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
        • REINDEX
        • RELEASE SAVEPOINT
        • RESET
        • RETRIEVE
        • REVOKE
        • ROLLBACK
        • ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
        • SAVEPOINT
        • SELECT
        • SELECT INTO
        • SET
        • SET CONSTRAINTS
        • SET ROLE
        • SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
        • SET TRANSACTION
        • SHOW
        • START TRANSACTION
        • TRUNCATE
        • UNLISTEN
        • UPDATE
        • VACUUM
        • VALUES
      • Data Types
        • Date/Time Types
        • Pseudo-Types
        • Text Search Data Types
        • Range Types
      • Summary of Built-in Functions
      • Additional Supplied Modules
        • advanced_password_check
        • auto_explain
        • btree_gin
        • citext
        • dblink
        • diskquota
        • fuzzystrmatch
        • gp_array_agg
        • gp_legacy_string_agg
        • gp_parallel_retrieve_cursor
        • gp_percentile_agg
        • gp_sparse_vector
        • greenplum_fdw
        • hstore
        • ip4r
        • ltree
        • orafce
        • pageinspect
        • pg_trgm
        • pgcrypto
        • postgres_fdw
        • postgresql-hll
        • sslinfo
        • timestamp9
        • uuid-ossp
      • Character Set Support
      • Server Configuration Parameters
        • Parameter Categories
        • Configuration Parameters
      • Database Utilities
        • About the Greenplum Database Utilities
        • Utility Reference
          • analyzedb
          • clusterdb
          • createdb
          • createuser
          • dropdb
          • dropuser
          • gpactivatestandby
          • gpaddmirrors
          • gpcheckcat
          • gpcheckperf
          • gpconfig
          • gpcopy
          • gpdeletesystem
          • gpexpand
          • gpfdist
          • gpinitstandby
          • gpinitsystem
          • gpload
          • gplogfilter
          • gpmapreduce
          • gpmapreduce.yaml
          • gpmemreport
          • gpmemwatcher
          • gpmovemirrors
          • gpmt
            • gpmt analyze_session
            • gpmt gp_log_collector
            • gpmt storage_rca_collector
            • gpmt gpstatscheck
            • gpmt packcore
          • gppkg
          • gprecoverseg
          • gpreload
          • gpscp
          • gpss
          • gpssh
          • gpssh-exkeys
          • gpstart
          • gpstate
          • gpstop
          • pg_config
          • pg_dump
          • pg_dumpall
          • pg_restore
          • pgbouncer
          • pgbouncer.ini
          • pgbouncer-admin
          • plcontainer
          • plcontainer Configuration File
          • psql
          • reindexdb
          • vacuumdb
        • Additional Supplied Programs
          • pg_upgrade
          • pg_xlogdump
      • System Catalogs
        • System Tables
        • System Views
        • System Catalogs Definitions
          • foreign_data_wrapper_options
          • foreign_data_wrappers
          • foreign_server_options
          • foreign_servers
          • foreign_table_options
          • foreign_tables
          • gp_configuration_history
          • gp_distributed_log
          • gp_distributed_xacts
          • gp_distribution_policy
          • gpexpand.expansion_progress
          • gp_endpoints
          • gpexpand.status
          • gpexpand.status_detail
          • gp_fastsequence
          • gp_id
          • gp_pgdatabase
          • gp_resgroup_config
          • gp_resgroup_status
          • gp_resgroup_status_per_host
          • gp_resgroup_status_per_segment
          • gp_resqueue_status
          • gp_segment_configuration
          • gp_segment_endpoints
          • gp_session_endpoints
          • gp_stat_replication
          • gp_transaction_log
          • gp_version_at_initdb
          • pg_aggregate
          • pg_am
          • pg_amop
          • pg_amproc
          • pg_appendonly
          • pg_attrdef
          • pg_attribute
          • pg_attribute_encoding
          • pg_auth_members
          • pg_authid
          • pg_available_extension_versions
          • pg_available_extensions
          • pg_cast
          • pg_class
          • pg_compression
          • pg_constraint
          • pg_conversion
          • pg_cursors
          • pg_database
          • pg_db_role_setting
          • pg_depend
          • pg_description
          • pg_enum
          • pg_extension
          • pg_exttable
          • pg_foreign_data_wrapper
          • pg_foreign_server
          • pg_foreign_table
          • pg_index
          • pg_inherits
          • pg_language
          • pg_largeobject
          • pg_locks
          • pg_matviews
          • pg_max_external_files
          • pg_namespace
          • pg_opclass
          • pg_operator
          • pg_opfamily
          • pg_partition
          • pg_partition_columns
          • pg_partition_encoding
          • pg_partition_rule
          • pg_partition_templates
          • pg_partitions
          • pg_pltemplate
          • pg_proc
          • pg_resgroup
          • pg_resgroupcapability
          • pg_resourcetype
          • pg_resqueue
          • pg_resqueue_attributes
          • pg_resqueuecapability
          • pg_rewrite
          • pg_roles
          • pg_rules
          • pg_shdepend
          • pg_shdescription
          • pg_stat_activity
          • pg_stat_all_indexes
          • pg_stat_all_tables
          • pg_stat_last_operation
          • pg_stat_last_shoperation
          • pg_stat_operations
          • pg_stat_partition_operations
          • pg_stat_replication
          • pg_statistic
          • pg_stat_resqueues
          • pg_tablespace
          • pg_trigger
          • pg_type
          • pg_type_encoding
          • pg_user_mapping
          • pg_user_mappings
          • user_mapping_options
          • user_mappings
      • The gp_toolkit Administrative Schema
      • The gpperfmon Database
        • database_*
        • diskspace_*
        • interface_stats_*
        • log_alert_*
        • queries_*
        • segment_*
        • socket_stats_*
        • system_*
        • dynamic_memory_info
        • memory_info
      • SQL Features, Reserved and Key Words, and Compliance
        • Summary of Greenplum Features
        • Reserved Identifiers and SQL Key Words
        • SQL 2008 Optional Feature Compliance
      • Objects Deprecated in Greenplum 6
    • Server Programmatic Interfaces
      • DataDirect ODBC Driver
      • DataDirect JDBC Driver
      • Greenplum Partner Connector API
      • Developing a Background Worker Process
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