Chapter Influence Of The Progress Of Industry And Population On

Chapter I. Influence Of The Progress Of Industry And Population On Values And Prices. § 1. Tendency of the progress of society toward increased Command over the powers of Nature; increased Security, and increased Capacity of Co-Operation. § 2. Tendency to a Decline of the Value and Cost of Production of all Commodities. § 3. —except the products of Agriculture and Mining, which have a tendency to Rise. § 4. —that tendency from time to time Counteracted by Improvements in Production. § 5. Effect of the Progress of Society in moderating fluctuations of Value.

Chapter Influence Of The Progress Of Industry And Population On

Chapter II. Influence Of The Progress Of Industry And Population On Rents, Profits, And Wages. § 1. Characteristic features of industrial Progress. § 2. First two cases, Population and Capital increasing, the arts of production stationary. § 3. The arts of production advancing, capital and population stationary. § 4. Theoretical results, if all three Elements progressive. § 5. Practical Results.

Chapter Of The Tendency Of Profits To A Minimum.

Chapter III. Of The Tendency Of Profits To A Minimum. § 1. Different Theories as to the fall of Profits. § 2. What determines the minimum rate of Profit? § 3. In old and opulent countries, profits habitually near to the minimum. § 4. —prevented from reaching it by commercial revulsions. § 5. —by improvements in Production. § 6. —by the importation of cheap Necessaries and Implements. § 7. —by the emigration of Capital.

Chapter Consequences Of The Tendency Of Profits To A Minimum, And

Chapter IV. Consequences Of The Tendency Of Profits To A Minimum, And The Stationary State. § 1. Abstraction of Capital not necessarily a national loss. § 2. In opulent countries, the extension of machinery not detrimental but beneficial to Laborers. § 3. Stationary state of wealth and population dreaded by some writers, but not in itself undesirable.

Chapter On The Possible Futurity Of The Laboring-Classes.

Chapter V. On The Possible Futurity Of The Laboring-Classes. § 1. The possibility of improvement while Laborers remain merely receivers of Wages. § 2.—through small holdings, by which the landlord’s gain is shared. § 3. —through co-operation, by which the manager’s wages are shared. § 4. Distributive Co-operation. § 5. Productive Co-Operation. § 6. Industrial Partnership. § 7. People’s Banks.

Chapter On The Influence Of Government.

Book V. On The Influence Of Government.

Chapter On The General Principles Of Taxation.

Chapter I. On The General Principles Of Taxation. § 1. Four fundamental rules of Taxation. § 2. Grounds of the principle of Equality of Taxation. § 3. Should the same percentage be levied on all amounts of Income? § 4. Should the same percentage be levied on Perpetual and on Terminable Incomes? § 5. The increase of the rent of land from natural causes a fit subject of peculiar Taxation. § 6. Taxes falling on Capital not necessarily objectionable.

Chapter Of Direct Taxes.

Chapter II. Of Direct Taxes. § 1. Direct taxes either on income or expenditure. § 2. Taxes on rent. § 3. —on profits. § 4. —on Wages. § 5. —on Income. § 6. A House-Tax.

Chapter Of Taxes On Commodities, Or Indirect Taxes.

Chapter III. Of Taxes On Commodities, Or Indirect Taxes. § 1. A Tax on all commodities would fall on Profits. § 2. Taxes on particular commodities fall on the consumer. § 3. Peculiar effects of taxes on Necessaries. § 4. —how modified by the tendency of profits to a minimum. § 5. Effects of discriminating Duties. § 6. Effects produced on international Exchange by Duties on Exports and on Imports.

Chapter Comparison Between Direct And Indirect Taxation.

Chapter IV. Comparison Between Direct And Indirect Taxation. § 1. Arguments for and against direct Taxation. § 2. What forms of indirect taxation are most eligible? § 3. Practical rules for indirect taxation. § 4. Taxation systems of the United States and other Countries. § 5. A Résumé of the general principles of taxation.

Chapter Of A National Debt.

Chapter V. Of A National Debt. § 1. Is it desirable to defray extraordinary public expenses by loans? § 2. Not desirable to redeem a national Debt by a general Contribution. § 3. In what cases desirable to maintain a surplus revenue for the redemption of Debt.