运算符

运算符重载是通过 std::ops 中的特征实现的:

1. #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
2. struct Point {
3. x: i32,
4. y: i32,
5. }

7. impl std::ops::Add for Point {
8. type Output = Self;

10. fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {
11. Self { x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y }
12. }
13. }

15. fn main() {
16. let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };
17. let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };
18. println!("{:?} + {:?} = {:?}", p1, p2, p1 + p2);
19. }

This slide should take about 10 minutes.

讨论点:

  • You could implement Add for &Point. In which situations is that useful?
  • 回答:Add:add 会耗用 self。如果您的运算符重载对象 (即类型 T)不是 Copy,建议您也为 &T 重载运算符。这可避免调用点上存在不必要的 克隆任务。
  • 为什么 Output 是关联类型?可将它用作该方法的类型形参吗?
  • Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but associated types (like Output) are controlled by the implementer of a trait.
  • 您可以针对两种不同类型实现 Add,例如, impl Add<(i32, i32)> for Point 会向 Point 中添加元组。