Comparison

Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques.

Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques

• Manual like C:
• No runtime overhead.
• Automatic like Java:
• Fully automatic.
• Safe and correct.
• Scope-based like C++:
• Partially automatic.
• No runtime overhead.
• Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:
• Enforced by compiler.
• No runtime overhead.
• Safe and correct.

Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques

• Manual like C:
• Use-after-free.
• Double-frees.
• Memory leaks.
• Automatic like Java:
• Garbage collection pauses.
• Destructor delays.
• Scope-based like C++:
• Complex, opt-in by programmer.
• Potential for use-after-free.
• Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:
• Some upfront complexity.
• Can reject valid programs.