搜索表

在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。

  • 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含america的每一行打印出来。

``` 1. openGauss=# DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE;

  1. openGauss=# CREATE SCHEMA tsearch;

  2. openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date);

  3. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'China, officially the People''s Republic of China (PRC), located in Asia, is the world''s most populous state.', 'China', '2010-1-1');

  4. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley.', 'America', '2010-1-1');

  5. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.', 'England', '2010-1-1');

  6. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.', 'Australia', '2010-1-1');

  7. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'Japan is an island country in East Asia.', 'Japan', '2010-1-1');

  8. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a sovereign state and federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe.', 'Germany', '2010-1-1');

  9. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'France, is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.', 'France', '2010-1-1');

  10. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(9, 'Italy officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.', 'Italy', '2010-1-1');

  11. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(10, 'India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia.', 'India', '2010-1-1');

  12. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(11, 'Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.', 'Brazil', '2010-1-1');

  13. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(12, 'Canada is a country in the northern half of North America.', 'Canada', '2010-1-1');

  14. openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(13, 'Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America.', 'Mexico', '2010-1-1');

  15. openGauss=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'america');

  16. id | body | title
  17. ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------
  18. 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America
  19. 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada
  20. 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico
  21. 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil
  22. (4 rows) ```

像America这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。

上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。当然也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置：

openGauss=# SHOW default_text_search_config;

default_text_search_config
pg_catalog.english
(1 row) 
1. openGauss=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('america');
2. id |                                                          body                                                           |  title
3. ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------
4. 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.   | Brazil
5. 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America
6. 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America.                                                              | Canada
7. 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America.              | Mexico
8. (4 rows)
9. ```
  • 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含north和america的最近10篇文档：

1. openGauss=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; 2. title 3. -------- 4. Mexico 5. Canada 6. (2 rows)

为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。

以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。