特殊进程
特殊进程
本节将描述如何编写符合OTP设计原理而又不使用标准行为的进程。这样的一种进程要:
- 以一种可以让进程放入监督树的方式启动,
- 支持 sys 的 调试功能 ,以及
- 注意 系统消息 。系统消息是用于监督树中的带有特殊含义的消息。典型的系统消息有跟踪输出的请求、挂起和恢复进程执行的请求(用于发布处理中)。使用标准行为实现的进程会自动处理这些消息。
例子
来自 概述 一章中的简单服务器,如果使用 sys 和 proc_lib 实现并放入一个监督树,则为:
-module(ch4).
-export([start_link/0]).
-export([alloc/0, free/1]).
-export([init/1]).
-export([system_continue/3, system_terminate/4,
write_debug/3]).
start_link() ->
proc_lib:start_link(ch4, init, [self()]).
alloc() ->
ch4 ! {self(), alloc},
receive
{ch4, Res} ->
Res
end.
free(Ch) ->
ch4 ! {free, Ch},
ok.
init(Parent) ->
register(ch4, self()),
Chs = channels(),
Deb = sys:debug_options([]),
proc_lib:init_ack(Parent, {ok, self()}),
loop(Chs, Parent, Deb).
loop(Chs, Parent, Deb) ->
receive
{From, alloc} ->
Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, {ch4, write_debug},
ch4, {in, alloc, From}),
{Ch, Chs2} = alloc(Chs),
From ! {ch4, Ch},
Deb3 = sys:handle_debug(Deb2, {ch4, write_debug},
ch4, {out, {ch4, Ch}, From}),
loop(Chs2, Parent, Deb3);
{free, Ch} ->
Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, {ch4, write_debug},
ch4, {in, {free, Ch}}),
Chs2 = free(Ch, Chs),
loop(Chs2, Parent, Deb2);
{system, From, Request} ->
sys:handle_system_msg(Request, From, Parent,
ch4, Deb, Chs)
end.
system_continue(Parent, Deb, Chs) ->
loop(Chs, Parent, Deb).
system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Deb, Chs) ->
exit(Reason).
write_debug(Dev, Event, Name) ->
io:format(Dev, "~p event = ~p~n", [Name, Event]).
以及如何在 ch4 中使用 sys 中的简易调试函数:
% erl
Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.2.3.6 [hipe] [threads:0]
Eshell V5.2.3.6 (abort with ^G)
1> ch4:start_link().
{ok,<0.30.0>}
2> sys:statistics(ch4, true).
ok
3> sys:trace(ch4, true).
ok
4> ch4:alloc().
ch4 event = {in,alloc,<0.25.0>}
ch4 event = {out,{ch4,ch1},<0.25.0>}
ch1
5> ch4:free(ch1).
ch4 event = {in,{free,ch1}}
ok
6> sys:statistics(ch4, get).
{ok,[{start_time,{{2003,6,13},{9,47,5}}},
{current_time,{{2003,6,13},{9,47,56}}},
{reductions,109},
{messages_in,2},
{messages_out,1}]}
7> sys:statistics(ch4, false).
ok
8> sys:trace(ch4, false).
ok
9> sys:get_status(ch4).
{status,<0.30.0>,
{module,ch4},
[[{'$ancestors',[<0.25.0>]},{'$initial_call',{ch4,init,[<0.25.0>]}}],
running,<0.25.0>,[],
[ch1,ch2,ch3]]}
